Overview
A CSS cheat sheet is a quick reference guide that provides essential Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) properties and techniques for web developers and designers. It serves as a handy tool for creating and maintaining stylesheets, with a focus on achieving responsive and visually appealing designs. Here’s a glance at key elements typically found in a CSS cheat sheet
1. Viewport Meta Tag: Set the viewport properties for better mobile responsiveness.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">2. Media Queries: Segregate styles based on screen sizes, enabling responsive design for various devices.
/* Small screens (phones) */
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
/* Your styles for small screens here */
}
/* Medium screens (tablets) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
/* Your styles for medium screens here */
}
/* Large screens (desktops) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 1025px) {
/* Your styles for large screens here */
}3. Responsive Images: Ensure images adapt to different screen sizes by setting a maximum width and auto-adjusting height.
img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}4. Flexbox for Layout: Utilize flexbox properties for creating flexible and efficient layouts.
.container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.item {
flex: 1; /* Adjust as needed */
min-width: 0; /* Fixes overflow issues in some cases */
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the element's total width and height */
}5. Responsive Typography: Adjust font sizes based on screen dimensions for optimal readability on different devices.
body {
font-size: 16px;
}
/* Adjust font size for smaller screens */
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
font-size: 14px;
}
}6. Hide/Show Elements: Control the visibility of elements on different screen sizes using CSS display properties.
/* Hide element on small screens */
.element-to-hide {
display: none;
}
/* Show element on small screens and hide on larger screens */
.element-to-show {
display: block;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 601px) {
.element-to-hide {
display: block;
}
.element-to-show {
display: none;
}
}7. Grid Layout: Employ grid layout techniques for creating sophisticated and responsive multi-column designs.
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
gap: 20px;
}8. Box Sizing: Adjust the box model to include padding and border in the total width and height of an element.
/* Apply box-sizing to all elements on the page */
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Style for a container with padding and border */
.container {
width: 50%;
padding: 20px;
border: 2px solid #333;
margin: 20px auto;
}
/* Style for an element inside the container */
.box {
width: 100%;
height: 100px;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
/* The total width of this box will include padding and border */
}9. Fluid Containers: Design containers with percentage-based widths for fluid layouts that adapt to different screens.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
/* Create a wrapper with a maximum width for the page content */
.wrapper {
max-width: 1200px; /* Adjust as needed */
margin: 0 auto; /* Center the content horizontally */
padding: 20px; /* Add some padding for better readability */
}
/* Create a fluid container */
.fluid-container {
width: 100%; /* Occupy the full width of its parent */
background-color: #f0f0f0;
padding: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and border in the total width */
margin-bottom: 20px; /* Add some margin for spacing between containers */
}
</style>
<title>Fluid Containers Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Wrapper for page content -->
<div class="wrapper">
<!-- Fluid container 1 -->
<div class="fluid-container">
<h2>Fluid Container 1</h2>
<p>This container adjusts its width to the size of its parent.</p>
</div>
<!-- Fluid container 2 -->
<div class="fluid-container">
<h2>Fluid Container 2</h2>
<p>Another fluid container with different content.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>10. Color and Background: Set colors and backgrounds using hexadecimal, RGB, or HSL values for aesthetic appeal.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4; /* Set a background color for the entire page */
color: #333; /* Set the text color */
margin: 0;
}
/* Header styling */
header {
background-color: #2c3e50; /* Set a background color for the header */
color: #ecf0f1; /* Set the text color for the header */
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
/* Main content styling */
.main-content {
padding: 20px;
}
/* Paragraph styling */
p {
color: #555; /* Set a different text color for paragraphs */
}
/* Link styling */
a {
color: #3498db; /* Set a text color for links */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline from links */
}
/* Hover effect for links */
a:hover {
color: #2980b9; /* Change text color on hover */
}
/* Button styling */
.action-button {
background-color: #e74c3c; /* Set a background color for the button */
color: #fff; /* Set the text color for the button */
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 16px;
}
/* Hover effect for buttons */
.action-button:hover {
background-color: #c0392b; /* Change background color on hover */
}11. Transition and Animation: Implement smooth transitions and animations to enhance user experience.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Button styling with transition */
.button {
background-color: #3498db;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 16px;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease; /* Smooth transition for background color */
}
/* Hover effect for buttons */
.button:hover {
background-color: #2980b9;
}
/* Animation styling */
@keyframes slideIn {
from {
transform: translateX(-100%);
}
to {
transform: translateX(0);
}
}
/* Animated box */
.animated-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #e74c3c;
margin-top: 20px;
animation: slideIn 1s ease; /* Use the 'slideIn' animation with 1s duration and ease timing function */
}12. Positioning: Use positioning properties (absolute, relative, fixed) for precise element placement.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Header styling */
header {
background-color: #2c3e50;
color: #ecf0f1;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
/* Navigation styling */
nav {
background-color: #3498db;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
/* Main content container */
.main-content {
padding: 20px;
}
/* Example of absolute positioning */
.absolute-box {
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
left: 50px;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
background-color: #e74c3c;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
}
/* Example of relative positioning */
.relative-container {
position: relative;
height: 200px;
background-color: #2ecc71;
}
.relative-box {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #fff;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
line-height: 100px;
}
/* Example of fixed positioning */
.fixed-box {
position: fixed;
bottom: 20px;
right: 20px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #3498db;
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
line-height: 100px;
}13. Selectors: Understand and utilize CSS selectors to target specific HTML elements for styling.
/* Universal Selector */
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Type Selector */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
}
/* Class Selector */
.header {
background-color: #2c3e50;
color: #ecf0f1;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
/* ID Selector */
#main-heading {
font-size: 24px;
}
/* Descendant Selector */
nav ul {
list-style: none;
background-color: #3498db;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
/* Child Selector */
nav > ul > li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
/* Attribute Selector */
a[href^="https://"] {
color: #27ae60;
}
/* Pseudo-class Selector */
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
/* Grouping Selector */
h1, h2, h3 {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
/* First Child Pseudo-class */
.main-content p:first-child {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Last Child Pseudo-class */
.main-content p:last-child {
color: #e74c3c;
}14. Overflow: Manage content overflow within containers using overflow properties.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Container with hidden overflow */
.overflow-hidden {
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: hidden; /* Hide content that overflows the container */
border: 1px solid #3498db;
margin: 20px;
}
/* Container with scrollable overflow */
.overflow-scroll {
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: scroll; /* Add a scrollbar to access hidden content */
border: 1px solid #e74c3c;
margin: 20px;
}
/* Container with auto overflow */
.overflow-auto {
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: auto; /* Automatically add a scrollbar when needed */
border: 1px solid #2ecc71;
margin: 20px;
}
/* Container with visible overflow */
.overflow-visible {
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: visible; /* Content will overflow the container */
border: 1px solid #f39c12;
margin: 20px;
}15. Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements: Apply styles to elements based on user interaction or document structure.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Pseudo-class :hover */
a:hover {
color: #3498db;
text-decoration: underline;
}
/* Pseudo-class :active */
.button:active {
background-color: #e74c3c;
color: #fff;
}
/* Pseudo-class :focus */
.input:focus {
border: 2px solid #2ecc71;
}
/* Pseudo-class :first-child */
ul li:first-child {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Pseudo-class :last-child */
ul li:last-child {
color: #e74c3c;
}
/* Pseudo-class :nth-child */
.striped-list li:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #ecf0f1;
}
/* Pseudo-element ::before */
.header::before {
content: "\2022"; /* Unicode character for a bullet point */
color: #3498db;
margin-right: 5px;
}
/* Pseudo-element ::after */
.header::after {
content: "\2022";
color: #3498db;
margin-left: 5px;
}
/* Pseudo-element ::first-line */
.first-line::first-line {
font-weight: bold;
}
/* Pseudo-element ::first-letter */
.first-letter::first-letter {
font-size: 24px;
color: #e74c3c;
}16. Transforms: Apply 2D or 3D transformations to elements for creative and interactive designs.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Scale Transformation */
.scale-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #3498db;
transform: scale(1.5); /* Increase size by 50% */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Rotate Transformation */
.rotate-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #e74c3c;
transform: rotate(45deg); /* Rotate by 45 degrees */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Translate Transformation */
.translate-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #2ecc71;
transform: translate(20px, 40px); /* Move 20px right and 40px down */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Skew Transformation */
.skew-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #f39c12;
transform: skew(30deg, 20deg); /* Skew horizontally by 30 degrees and vertically by 20 degrees */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Combined Transformations */
.combined-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: #9b59b6;
transform: rotate(30deg) scale(1.2) translate(30px, 10px); /* Rotate, scale, and translate */
margin: 20px;
}17. Box Shadow and Border Radius: Add depth and rounded corners to elements for a modern and visually appealing UI.
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
margin: 0;
}
/* Box Shadow */
.shadow-box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #3498db;
box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Horizontal offset, vertical offset, blur radius, color */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Inset Box Shadow */
.inset-shadow-box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #e74c3c;
box-shadow: inset 5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Inset shadow */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Border Radius */
.rounded-box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #2ecc71;
border-radius: 10px; /* Border radius */
margin: 20px;
}
/* Border Radius for Individual Corners */
.rounded-corners {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #f39c12;
border-top-left-radius: 30px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 20px;
margin: 20px;
}
/* Circle with Border Radius */
.circle {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #9b59b6;
border-radius: 50%; /* Border radius of 50% for a perfect circle */
margin: 20px;
}
Closing
A CSS cheat sheet is a valuable resource for both beginners and experienced developers, providing a quick reference for common styling tasks and best practices. Regular updates and exploration of new CSS features will ensure you stay up-to-date with the evolving landscape of web design. Happy coding!
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